WALLとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English wal, from 古期英語 weall (“wall, dike, earthwork, rampart, dam, rocky shore, cliff”), from Proto-West Germanic *wall (“wall, rampart, entrenchment”), from Latin vallum (“wall, rampart, entrenchment, palisade”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). Perhaps conflated with waw (“a wall within a house または dwelling, a room partition”), from Middle English wawe, from 古期英語 wāg, wāh (“an interior wall, divider”), see waw. Cognate with North Frisian wal (“wall”), Saterland Frisian Waal (“wall, rampart, mound”), Dutch wal (“wall, rampart, embankment”), German Wall (“rampart, mound, embankment”), Swedish vall (“mound, wall, bank”). More at wallow, walk.

名詞

wall (複数形 walls)

1. A rampart of earth, stones etc. built up for defensive purposes.
2. A structure built for defense surrounding a city, castle etc.

   The town wall was surrounded by a moat.

   • 2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:

     From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.

3. Each of the substantial structures acting either as the exterior of or divisions within a structure.

   We're adding another wall in this room during the remodeling.  The wind blew against the walls of the tent.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     […] St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London. Close-packed, crushed by the buttressed height of the railway viaduct, rendered airless by huge walls of factories, it at once banished lively interest from a stranger's mind and left only a dull oppression of the spirit.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 14, in The China Governess‎^[1]:

     Nanny Broome was looking up at the outer wall. Just under the ceiling there were three lunette windows, heavily barred and blacked out in the normal way by centuries of grime.

4. A point of desperation.
5. A point of defeat or extinction.
   • March 11 2022, David Hytner, “Chelsea are in crisis but there is no will to leave club on their knees”, in The Guardian‎^[2]:

     They want Abramovich out for obvious reasons, including the optics, and they do not want to send Chelsea to the wall as they consider the club to be of cultural significance to the country.

6. An impediment to free movement.

   A wall of police officers met the protesters before they reached the capitol steps.

7. The butterfly Lasiommata megera.

   Synonym: wall brown

   • 2015 November 24, Patrick Barkham, “Pesticide may be reason butterfly numbers are falling in UK, says study”, in The Guardian‎^[3]:

     Researchers found that 15 of 17 species which commonly live on farmland – including the small tortoiseshell, small skipper and wall butterfly – show declines associated with increasing neonic use.

8. (often in combination) A barrier.

   a seawall;  a firewall

9. (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) A barrier to vision.
10. Something with the apparent solidity and dimensions of a building wall.

    a wall of sound;  a wall of water

11. (anatomy, zoology, botany) A divisive or containing structure in an organ or cavity.
    • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 4-5:

      The epidermal cells of the capsule wall of Jubulopsis, with nodose "trigones" at the angles, are very reminiscent of what one finds in Frullania spp.

12. (auction) A fictional bidder used to increase the price at an auction.

    Synonym: chandelier

13. (US, slang, medicine) A doctor who tries to admit as few patients as possible.

    Antonym: sieve

14. (soccer) A line of defenders set up between an opposing free-kick taker and the goal.
    • 2011 January 23, Alistair Magowan, “Blackburn 2-0 West Brom”, in BBC:

      Blackburn were the recipients of another dose of fortune when from another Thomas pass Odemwingie was brought down by Jones inside the penalty area, but referee Mark Clattenburg awarded a free-kick which Chris Brunt slammed into the wall.

15. (roller derby) Two or more blockers skating together so as to impede the opposing team.
    • 2013, Ellen Parnavelas, The Roller Derby Athlete (page 48)

      It can also be used to maintain the presence of a wall when one of the blockers who makes up the wall is picked off by an opposing blocker attempting to shut down the wall.

16. (mining) Any of the surfaces of rock enclosing the lode.
17. (Internet) A personal notice board listing messages of interest to a particular user.
18. (role-playing games) A character that has high defenses, thereby reducing the amount of damage taken from the opponent’s attacks.
19. (slang, seduction community, chiefly definite) The stage of biological aging where physical appearance and attractiveness start to deteriorate rapidly.
    • 1996 December 27, “The Definitive Answer to "Why Nice Guys Finish Last"”, in alt.romance, Usenet‎^[4]:

      Depreciation of assets happens. Prepare yourself
      Marla. Get ready for the wall.

    • 2001 February 2, “what a drag it is getting old”, in soc.singles, Usenet‎^[5]:

      At what age would you peg the
      'wall' to be for men, on or thereabouts?

    • 2001 June 19, “the laws of biomechanics”, in soc.singles, Usenet‎^[6]:

      I have never had a problem getting the attention of men. I'm 44
      and there's no wall staring me in the face

    • 2002 January 22, “towards a useful smv metric”, in soc.singles, Usenet‎^[7]:

      That was only six
      years later and Natasha is not near the wall yet

    • 2015 July 20, “catcalls are bad”, in rec.sport.football.college, Usenet‎^[8]:

      As for the wall....Im convinced part of this is just something us guys tell ourselves to 'get back'(in our minds) at all the girls who wouldn't sleep with us 5-10 years ago

20. (historical) The right or privilege of taking the side of the road near the wall when encountering another pedestrian.
    • 1822, The Pamphleteer (page 118)

      All persons, in walking the streets, whose right sides are next the wall, are intitled to take the wall.

    • 2017, Catharina Löffler, Walking in the City (page 135)

      Taking the wall thus was also a social distinction. An entire episode in the second book is therefore dedicated “to whom to give the wall” and “to whom to refuse the wall” (II. 4564).

同意語

• (rampart): rampart
• (fictional bidder at an auction): chandelier
• (personal notice board): profile

Meronyms

• (rampart): terreplein (level walkway); parapet, crenellation (minor secondary wall protecting the terreplein); banquette (area elevated above the terreplein for use by defenders)

派生語

動詞

wall (三人称単数 現在形 walls, 現在分詞 walling, 過去形および過去分詞形 walled)

1. To enclose with, or as if with, a wall or walls.

   He walled the study with books.

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English wallen, from 古期英語 weallan (“to bubble, boil”), from Proto-Germanic *wallaną (“to fount, stream, boil”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“wave”). Cognate with Middle Dutch wallen (“to boil, bubble”), Dutch wellen (“to weld”), German wellen (“to wave, warp”), Danish vælde (“to overwhelm”), Swedish välla (“to gush, weld”). See also well.

動詞

wall (三人称単数 現在形 walls, 現在分詞 walling, 過去形および過去分詞形 walled)

1. To boil.
2. To well, as water; spring.

関連する語

• well
• overwhelm

語源 3

From Middle English walle, from 古期英語 *wealla, *weall (“spring”), from Proto-Germanic *wallô, *wallaz (“well, spring”). See above. Cognate with Old Frisian walla (“spring”), 古期英語 wiell (“well”).

名詞

wall (複数形 walls)

1. (chiefly dialectal) A spring of water.

語源 4

(This etymology is missing または incomplete. Please add to it, または discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

名詞

wall (複数形 walls)

1. (nautical) A kind of knot often used at the end of a rope; a wall knot or wale.

動詞

wall (三人称単数 現在形 walls, 現在分詞 walling, 過去形および過去分詞形 walled)

1. (transitive, nautical) To make a wall knot on the end of (a rope).

間投詞

wall

1. (US) Pronunciation spelling of well.
   • 1858, The New Priest in Conception Bay by Robert Lowell [9]

     Wall, they spoke up, 'n' says to her, s'd they, "Why, look a-here, aunty, Wus't his skin, 't was rock?" so s's she, "I guess not." (Well, they spoke up かつ says to her, said they, "Why look a-here, aunty, was it his skin that was rock [referring to the Apostle Peter]?" So says she, "I guess not.")

   • 1988, Herbert M. Sutherland, Tall Tales of the Devil's Apron, The Overmountain Press, →ISBN, page 97:

     Wall, be that as it may, ol' Hosshead was a purty good citizen in his day, an' he shore did make Juneybell toe the mark.

アナグラム

• lawl