「to」が前置詞として使われる場合、方向性や目的地、目的、関係性を示す。具体的な例を以下に示す。
・例文「to」が副詞として使われる場合、主に「閉じている」や「意識が戻る」といった状態を示す。具体的な例を以下に示す。
・例文単に「向き」を示すだけでなく,コア図のように「ある対象に向き合って(相対して)」ということも表す |
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語法 She went to the drugstore.「彼女は薬局まで行った」という意で,ここのtoは「(移動して)薬局と向き合う状態になる」ということを表している.従って,このtoは「方向」ではなく「到着点」を表す.そこでShe went to the drugstore at seven a.m.となった場合は,薬局に着いたのが7時であって家を出て薬局に向かった(行った)のが7時ということではない 「方向」を表すにはforあるいはtowardを用いる.She went for [toward] the drugstore.では「方向」しか表さないため,薬局に向かったものの,そこに到着したかどうかまでは明確ではない 2〔方向〕…に,…へ |
語法不定詞を導くto toには以下のように不定詞を導く用法があるが,このtoの品詞上の位置付けについて定説はない.しかし,意味的には前置詞のtoと共通するところがある I want to visit Okinawa.私は沖縄を訪れたい 前置詞toは「何かに向かう(向き合う)」という関係を表し,ここからto doは「ある行為に向かう」,つまり「未来に向かう(未来志向)」という意味合いが生まれる.この例では「沖縄を訪れる」という未来のことに向いている.このように,不定詞を導くtoにも,前置詞toのコア「…に向いて」が表れている ただし,例えばI'm happy to see you here.のような「理由」を表す用法でのtoの働きは「未来志向」ではなく「相対関係」である.つまり,to see you hereはI'm happyに対する理由になっており,「ここであなたに会えるとは(私はうれしい)」という意になる Ⅰ名詞的用法 1((主語))…することは;((形式主語itを用いて後置して))…することは |
語法不定詞の名詞的用法to doと動名詞doing 不定詞の名詞的用法to doと動名詞doingはともに動詞を名詞化する方法で,To see is to believe.とSeeing is believing.は似た表現とみなされる.しかし,不定詞は予定された動作・行為を示すため動詞的意味合いが強く,動名詞は動作が抽象化されているため名詞的意味合いが強くなる.そこで,不定詞のTo see is to believe.はtoの働きから未来志向的な動作が含意されて(上の【語法】),「見てごらん,すると信じるようになるから」という意味になり,to see, そしてto believeを順番にとらえるような感じがある.一方,Seeing is believing.は手続き的というより,「見ること,それはすなわち信じることである」という意で,seeingとbelievingを同時にとらえるようなイメージがあり,図のように2枚の写真を見るような感じがある |
fly | 遺伝子名 | to |
同義語(エイリアス) | Protein takeout precursor; CT33074; takeout; CG11853 | |
SWISS-PROTのID | SWISS-PROT:Q9VBV3 | |
EntrezGeneのID | EntrezGene:43036 | |
その他のDBのID | FlyBase:FBgn0039298 |
fly | 遺伝子名 | TO |
同義語(エイリアス) | Ver; Tryptophan pyrrolase; Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; v; CG2155; 152559_at; vm; NP_511113; vermilion; Protein vermilion; CG5163 | |
SWISS-PROTのID | SWISS-PROT:P20351 | |
EntrezGeneのID | EntrezGene:32026 | |
その他のDBのID | FlyBase:FBgn0003965 |
human | 遺伝子名 | TO |
同義語(エイリアス) | Tryptophan pyrrolase; TRPO; Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; Tryptamin 2,3-dioxygenase; Tryptophanase; tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; Tryptophan oxygenase; TDO; TPH2; TDO2 | |
SWISS-PROTのID | SWISS-PROT:P48775 | |
EntrezGeneのID | EntrezGene:6999 | |
その他のDBのID | HGNC:11708 |
mouse | 遺伝子名 | TO |
同義語(エイリアス) | TRPO; Tryptophan pyrrolase; Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; Tryptamin 2,3-dioxygenase; Tryptophanase; tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; Tryptophan oxygenase; TDO; Tdo; Tdo2; AA407491 | |
SWISS-PROTのID | SWISS-PROT:P48776 | |
EntrezGeneのID | EntrezGene:56720 | |
その他のDBのID | MGI:1928486 |
mouse | 遺伝子名 | to |
同義語(エイリアス) | toppler | |
SWISS-PROTのID | --- | |
EntrezGeneのID | --- | |
その他のDBのID | MGI:2653506 |
rat | 遺伝子名 | TO |
同義語(エイリアス) | TRPO; Tryptophan pyrrolase; Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; tryptophan-23-dioxygenase; Tryptamin 2,3-dioxygenase; Tryptophanase; tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; Tryptophan oxygenase; Tdo; Tdo2 | |
SWISS-PROTのID | SWISS-PROT:P21643 | |
EntrezGeneのID | EntrezGene:64206 | |
その他のDBのID | RGD:68370 |
worm | 遺伝子名 | TO |
同義語(エイリアス) | TRPO; Tryptophan pyrrolase; WP:CE01822; C28H8.11; C28H8.11b.2; C28H8.11c.3; CE39680; Tryptamin 2,3-dioxygenase; C28H8.11b.1; WP:CE39680; Tryptophan oxygenase; C28H8.11b; C28H8.11c.2; WP:CE32153; CE01822; C28H8.11c; Tryptophanase; Putative tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; C28H8.11a; C28H8.11c.1; CE32153 | |
SWISS-PROTのID | SWISS-PROT:Q09474 | |
EntrezGeneのID | EntrezGene:175836 | |
その他のDBのID | WormBase:WBGene00016201 |
zfish | 遺伝子名 | TO |
同義語(エイリアス) | TRPO; Tryptophan pyrrolase; fi30d08; Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; Tryptamin 2,3-dioxygenase; zgc:63488; tdo2; wu:fi30d08; Tryptophanase; Tryptophan oxygenase; Tdo2 | |
SWISS-PROTのID | SWISS-PROT:Q7SY53 | |
EntrezGeneのID | EntrezGene:334082 | |
その他のDBのID | ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-030131-6014 |
本文中に表示されているデータベースの説明
出典:Wiktionary
Likely originally denominatives in -ō formed from the past participle.
-tō (present infinitive -tāre, perfect active -tāvī, supine -tātum); first conjugation
The suffix uses the past participle/supine stem as the base, see the usage notes at -tus for more. It is not used for first conjugation verbs, the variant -itō appears there instead.
Conjugation of -tō (first conjugation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | -tō | -tās | -tat | -tāmus | -tātis | -tant |
imperfect | -tābam | -tābās | -tābat | -tābāmus | -tābātis | -tābant | |
future | -tābō | -tābis | -tābit | -tābimus | -tābitis | -tābunt | |
perfect | -tāvī | -tāvistī | -tāvit | -tāvimus | -tāvistis | -tāvērunt, -tāvēre | |
pluperfect | -tāveram | -tāverās | -tāverat | -tāverāmus | -tāverātis | -tāverant | |
future perfect | -tāverō | -tāveris | -tāverit | -tāverimus | -tāveritis | -tāverint | |
sigmatic future1 | -tāssō | -tāssis | -tāssit | -tāssimus | -tāssitis | -tāssint | |
passive | present | -tor | -tāris, -tāre |
-tātur | -tāmur | -tāminī | -tantur |
imperfect | -tābar | -tābāris, -tābāre |
-tābātur | -tābāmur | -tābāminī | -tābantur | |
future | -tābor | -tāberis, -tābere |
-tābitur | -tābimur | -tābiminī | -tābuntur | |
perfect | -tātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | -tātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | -tātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
sigmatic future1 | -tāssor | -tāsseris | -tāssitur | — | — | — | |
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | -tem | -tēs | -tet | -tēmus | -tētis | -tent |
imperfect | -tārem | -tārēs | -tāret | -tārēmus | -tārētis | -tārent | |
perfect | -tāverim | -tāverīs | -tāverit | -tāverīmus | -tāverītis | -tāverint | |
pluperfect | -tāvissem | -tāvissēs | -tāvisset | -tāvissēmus | -tāvissētis | -tāvissent | |
sigmatic aorist1 | -tāssim | -tāssīs | -tāssīt | -tāssīmus | -tāssītis | -tāssint | |
passive | present | -ter | -tēris, -tēre |
-tētur | -tēmur | -tēminī | -tentur |
imperfect | -tārer | -tārēris, -tārēre |
-tārētur | -tārēmur | -tārēminī | -tārentur | |
perfect | -tātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | -tātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | -tā | — | — | -tāte | — |
future | — | -tātō | -tātō | — | -tātōte | -tantō | |
passive | present | — | -tāre | — | — | -tāminī | — |
future | — | -tātor | -tātor | — | — | -tantor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | -tāre | -tāvisse | -tātūrum esse | -tārī, -tārier2 |
-tātum esse | -tātum īrī | |
participles | -tāns | — | -tātūrus | — | -tātus | -tandus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
-tandī | -tandō | -tandum | -tandō | -tātum | -tātū |
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.
2The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
that
since
なってゆく
どのもの
which
a
はく
to sit down
a seine
かすんで見える
have
する
する
in a manner which is at least
since
have
his
that
どのもの
which
a
to out-
なってゆく
to doss
活動中で
to total
to total
to entrain
こと
a thing
some
to add
to include
to include
to give
that
since
がってんだ.
がってんだ.
のろま.
われ.
the I
a
作因.
なってゆく
have
戯れに.
をためす.
his
以上.
〈文書などで〉 Concluded.
以上.
【通信】 Over.
以上.
〈アナウンサーの放送などで〉 That's all [That's it] (for the moment).
筆者.
むかつく.
のろし.
のろし.
に代えて。
to change to...