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主な意味 | (量・程度が)より少ない、いっそう少ない、(数が)より少ない、(大きさが)より小さい、いっそう小さい |
コア | より少量の |
音節 | less | 発音記号・読み方 |
-lessの |
-lessの |
-lessの | レベル:1英検:3級以上の単語学校レベル:中学以上の水準TOEIC® L&Rスコア:220点以上の単語 |
研究社 新英和中辞典での「-less」の意味 |
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less
léss and léss | léss than… |
lìttle léss than… | móre or léss |
mùch léss | nò léss |
nò léss a pérson than… | nò léss than… |
nò léss…than | nòne the léss |
nòthing léss than… | nòt léss(…)than… |
stìll léss |
in léss than nó tìme | thínk (áll) the léss of… |
little
語法 |
líttle…,if ány=líttle or nó… | nò líttle=nòt a líttle |
quìte a líttle | sòme líttle |
lìttle léss [bétter] than… | lìttle móre than… |
nòt a líttle |
語法 |
Every little helps. 《諺》 ごく少しずつが力になる, 「ちりも積もれば山となる」. |
after a little しばらくして(から). |
in líttle | líttle by líttle |
líttle if ánything | líttle or nóthing |
màke líttle of… | nòt a líttle |
quìte a líttle |
‐less
endless. |
ceaseless. |
- 履歴機能過去に調べた
単語を確認! - 語彙力診断診断回数が
増える! - マイ単語帳便利な
学習機能付き! - マイ例文帳文章で
単語を理解!
Eゲイト英和辞典での「-less」の意味 |
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-less
less
コアより少量の
形容詞
1(量や大きさが)〈…よりも〉より少ない,より小さい〈than〉(←→more)
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2(程度や重要性などが)〈…より〉より低い,より小さい〈than〉
副詞
1((動詞表現を修飾して))より少なく(…する);〈…ほど〉…しない〈than〉
2((形容詞や副詞の前について))(←→more)a(形容詞や副詞で表される程度などが)〈…より〉より低く,より小さく;〈…ほど〉…ではない〈than〉
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b《less A than B》(同一の人[物]が)AというよりはBで[に]
成句less and less
(数量や程度が)どんどん少なく;どんどん小さく
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成句less than ...
①…より少なく
成句little less than ...
ほとんど…も同然で
成句more or less
⇒more副詞成句
成句much less
⇒much副詞成句
成句no less
((しばしば皮肉に))(ある重要な人や物についての驚きや賞賛を強調して)ほかならぬ;まさしく;なんと
成句no less than ...
(数量を示す語の前におき,その数量が予想外に大きいことを強調して)…も(の)
成句no less ... than ~
~に負けないくらい…である;~に劣らず…である
成句not ... any the less
まったく変わらずに...する;少しも...しないことはない
成句nothing less than ...
①(人や物事が)…以外の何ものでもない;まさに…(である)
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成句not less than ...
少なくとも…
代名詞
成句in less than no time
ほどなく,間もなく,すぐに
成句less and less
どんどん少なくなる物[事・人]
成句Less of ...!
((口))(主に子どもに対して)…をやめなさい
前置詞
語法 ①通例lessは数えられない名詞と共に用い,数えられる名詞にはfewerを用いる ②口語では数えられる名詞にlessを用いることがある/I have less [fewer] CDs than my friend John.私は友だちのジョンよりも少ないCDしか持っていない |
語法 lessが示すものによって単数扱いにも複数扱いにもなる/We wanted to buy twenty hamburgers, but less were available at the time.ハンバーガーを20個買いたかったのだが,その時間はそれだけの数がなかった |
Wiktionary英語版での「-less」の意味 |
-less
語源
From Middle English -les, -leas, from 古期英語 -lēas (“-less”), from lēas (“devoid of, loose from, false”), from Proto-Germanic *lausaz (“loose”). (Not related to less, which derives from *laisiz, *laisizô.) Cognate with Scots -less, West Frisian -leas, Saterland Frisian -loos, Dutch -loos (“-less”), Low German -los, German los, -los, Swedish -lös, Icelandic -laus. More at lease (“false”).
接尾辞
-less
- Lacking (something); without (something). Added usually to a noun to form an adjective signifying a lack of that noun.
- 2013 September-October, Henry Petroski, “The Evolution of Eyeglasses”, in American Scientist:
- The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone, essentially what today we might term a frameless magnifying glass or plain glass paperweight.
使用する際の注意点
less
語源 1
Adverb From Middle English les, lesse, leasse, lasse, from 古期英語 lǣs (“less, lest”), from Proto-Germanic *laisiz (“smaller, lesser, fewer, lower”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“to shrink, grow thin, become small, be gentle”). Cognate with Old Frisian lēs (“less”), Old Saxon lēs (“less”).
Determiner and preposition from Middle English lees, lesse, leasse, lasse, from 古期英語 lǣssa (“less”), from Proto-Germanic *laisizan-, from Proto-Germanic *laisiz (“smaller, lesser, fewer, lower”) (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian lessa (“less”).
Verb from Middle English lessen, from the determiner.
Noun from Middle English lesse, from the determiner.
副詞
- comparative degree of little
- 1898, Winston Churchill, chapter 8, in The Celebrity:
- Used for forming negative comparatives of adjectives, especially those that do not form the comparative by adding -er.
- 1957, Lester Del Rey, Rockets Through Space: The Story of Man's Preparations to Explore the Universe:
- 2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:
- In plants, the ability to recognize self from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.
- To a smaller extent or degree.
反意語
限定詞
less
- (Now chiefly of numbers または dimensions) comparative form of little: more little; of inferior size, degree or extent; smaller, lesser. [from 11th c.]
- 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, page 141:
- 1711,The Spectator, no. 126:
- 1885, Edward James Reed, A Treatise on the Stability of Ships:
- It is also easy to see that the straight line, representing the locus of centres of buoyancy for a rectangular section, must lie at a less inclination to the base (i.e., to the horizontal) than a line representing the locus of such centres for a parabolic section […]
- A smaller amount of; not as much. [from 12th c.]
- 2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 206-7:
- (sometimes proscribed) Fewer; a smaller number of. [from 14th c.]
- 1952, Thomas M Pryor, New York Times, 7 Sep 1952:
- 1999, George RR Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam 2011, page 555:
- 2003, Timandra Harkness, The Guardian, 16 Dec 2003:
使用する際の注意点
Some[*] regard the use of the determiner less with countable quantities to be incorrect, stating that less should indicate only a reduction in uncountable quantity, or in size or significance, leaving fewer to indicate a smaller numerical quantity. For example, they suggest saying less sugar, but fewer people, not less people. Such a rule can allow distinctions such as:
- Their troubles are fewer than ours, meaning "Their troubles are not so numerous as ours."
- Their troubles are less than ours, meaning "Their troubles are not so great as ours."
Nevertheless, less has been widely understood and commonly used as a synonym for fewer since it first appeared in Old English as læs.
反意語
参考
前置詞
less
反意語
動詞
less (三人称単数 現在形 lesses, 現在分詞 lessing, 過去形および過去分詞形 lessed)
- (archaic) To make less; to lessen.
- 1386-90, Gower, Confessio Amantis
- c. 1650, Patrick Gordon of Ruthven, A short Abridgement of Britane's Distemper, from the yeares of God 1639 to 1649, printed 1844 for the Spalding Club
- Som of the wiser sort, divining upon this vission, attrebute to the pen-knyves the lenth of tym before this should com to pass, and it hath been observed by sindrie that the earles of that hous befor wer the richest in the kingdom, having treasure and store besyde them, but ever since the addittion of this so great a revenue, they have lessed the stock by heavie burdens of debt and ingagment.
- 1816, "Joseph Wharton" [obituary notice], Poulson's Advertiser, quoted in Genealogy of the Wharton Family of Philadelphia: 1664 to 1880, Anne Hollingsworth Wharton (1880)
- The protracted term of life, and the lingering illness through which this gentleman had passed, had neither impaired the original vigour of his mind, nor lessed the uncommon warmth of his affections.
派生語
参照
- less at OneLook Dictionary Search
- “less” in Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary.
- “less” in Douglas Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary, 2001–2021.
「-less」を含む例文一覧
該当件数 : 49894件
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Text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA) and/or GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL). Weblio英和・和英辞典に掲載されている「Wiktionary英語版」の記事は、Wiktionaryの-less (改訂履歴)、less (改訂履歴)の記事を複製、再配布したものにあたり、Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA)もしくはGNU Free Documentation Licenseというライセンスの下で提供されています。 |
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