BADとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /bæd/
• (General Australian) IPA: /bæːd/
• (New Zealand) IPA: /bɛd/
• (Wales) IPA: /baːd/
• (æ-raising, New York City, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Baltimore) IPA: /bɛəd/
• 韻: -æd
• Homophone: bade (one pronunciation)

語源 1

From 中期英語 bad, badde (“wicked, evil, depraved”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps a shortening of 古期英語 bæddel (“hermaphrodite”) (for loss of -el compare 中期英語 muche from 古期英語 myċel, and 中期英語 wenche from 古期英語 wenċel), or at least related to it and/or to bǣ̆dan (“to defile”), compare Old High German pad (“hermaphrodite”).

Alternatively, perhaps a loan from Old Norse into 中期英語, compare Norwegian bad (“effort, trouble, fear”, neuter noun), East Danish bad (“damage, destruction, fight”, neuter noun), from the Proto-Germanic noun *badą, whence also Proto-Germanic *badōną (“to frighten”), Old Saxon undarbadōn (“to frighten”), Norwegian Nynorsk bada (“to weigh down, press”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ- (“to bend, press, push, oppress”). False cognate of Persian بد (bad).

形容詞

bad (comparative worse or (nonstandard) badder or (nonstandard) more bad, superlative worst or (nonstandard) baddest or (nonstandard) most bad)

1. Of low quality.

   Synonyms: cruddy, lousy, shoddy; see also Thesaurus:low-quality

   That movie was really bad!

2. Inaccurate; incorrect

   A bad guess.

   This sentence has bad grammar!

   He speaks bad German!

3. Unfavorable; negative; not good.

   Synonyms: unfavorable, negative; see also Thesaurus:bad

   Hiring practice is very bad in this company.

   The weather looks pretty bad right now.

   You have very bad grades.

   He is in a bad mood.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter X, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     He looked round the poor room, at the distempered walls, and the bad engravings in meretricious frames, the crinkly paper and wax flowers on the chiffonier; and he thought of a room like Father Bryan's, with panelling, with cut glass, with tulips in silver pots, such a room as he had hoped to have for his own.

4. Not suitable or fitting.

   Synonyms: inappropriate, unfit; see also Thesaurus:unsuitable

   Do you think it is a bad idea to confront him directly?

5. Not appropriate, of manners etc.

   It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full.

   • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

     “ […] if you call my duds a ‘livery’ again there'll be trouble. It's bad enough to go around togged out like a life saver on a drill day, but I can stand that 'cause I'm paid for it. What I won't stand is to have them togs called a livery. […] ”

6. Harmful, especially unhealthy; liable to cause health problems.

   Synonyms: unhealthful, unwholesome; see also Thesaurus:harmful

   Lard is bad for you. Smoking is bad for you, too. Grapes are bad for dogs but not for humans.

7. (chiefly applied to a person's state of health) Sickly, unhealthy, unwell.

   Synonyms: ill, poorly, sickly; see also Thesaurus:ill

   Joe's in a bad way; he can't even get out of bed.

   I went to the hospital to see how my grandfather was doing. Unfortunately, he's in a bad state.

   I've had a bad back since the accident.

8. The injured or weak one of a pair of body parts, where the other one is healthy.

   I accidentally put my weight on my bad leg and fell over.

9. (often childish) Not behaving; behaving badly; misbehaving; mischievous or disobedient.

   Stop being bad, or you will get a spanking!

   • 2014 August 28, Tom Armstrong, Marvin (comic):

     I can tell that new kid at our daycare is trouble […] He's picking out his favorite corner to stand in when he's bad.

10. Tricky; stressful; unpleasant.

    Synonyms: foul, loathsome; see also Thesaurus:unpleasant

    Divorce is usually a bad experience for everybody involved.

11. (sometimes childish) Evil; wicked.

    Synonyms: vile, vicious; see also Thesaurus:evil

    Be careful. There are bad people in the world.

12. Faulty; not functional.

    Synonyms: inoperative; see also Thesaurus:out of order

    I had a bad headlight.

13. (of food) Spoiled, rotten, overripe.

    Synonyms: rotten; see also Thesaurus:rotten

    These apples have gone bad.

14. (of breath) Malodorous; foul.

    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:malodorous

    Bad breath is not pleasant for anyone.

15. False; counterfeit; illegitimate.

    Synonyms: fake, spurious; see also Thesaurus:fake

    They were caught trying to pass bad coinage.

16. Unskilled; of limited ability; not good.

    Synonyms: bungling, inept; see also Thesaurus:unskilled

    I'm pretty bad at speaking French.

    He's a bad gardener; everything he tries to grow ends up dying.

17. Of poor physical appearance.

    Synonyms: repulsive, unsightly; see also Thesaurus:ugly

    I look really bad whenever I get less than seven hours of sleep.

    I don't look bad in this dress, do I?

    I have such bad skin!

18. (of a need, want, or pain) Severe, urgent.

    Synonyms: dire; see also Thesaurus:urgent

    He is in bad need of a haircut.

    • 1965, Teddy Randazzo, Bobby Weinstein, Bobby Hart, “Hurt So Bad”, in Hurt So Bad, performed by The Lettermen:

      Oh let me tell you that it / Hurts so bad / It makes me feel so sad / You make it hurt so bad / To see you again.

19. (preceded by feel) Regretful, guilty, or ashamed.

    I feel so bad for betraying him!

20. (of a word, speech, or writing) Vulgar, obscene, or blasphemous.

    Don't you dare speak to me with that bad language!

21. Not worth it.

    The expensive purse was a bad buy.

同意語

反意語

形容詞

bad (not comparable)

1. (informal, of a draft/check) Not covered by funds on account.

   Synonyms: rubber, hot

   He gave me a bad check.

形容詞

bad (comparative badder or more bad, superlative baddest or most bad) (slang)

1. Bold, daring, and tough.

   Synonyms: (slang) badass; see also Thesaurus:brave

   He's the baddest guy in town!

2. (semantic change, amelioration, contranymic) Good, superlative, excellent, cool.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:good

   Man, that new car you bought is bad!

   You is bad, man!

   • 1986, Darryl McDaniels, Joseph Simmons, “Peter Piper”, in Raising Hell, performed by Run-DMC:

     He's the big bad wolf in your neighborhood / not bad meaning bad, but bad meaning good

   • 1994, “Best Ever” (track 7), in N2Deep (lyrics), 24-7-365:

     Man, that bitch was bad—it was the best piece of pussy that I ever had.

3. (US) Overly promiscuous, licentious.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:promiscuous

   • 2005, “Stay Fly”, in Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, Willie Hutchinson (lyrics), Most Known Unknown‎, performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, and MJG), Sony BMG:

     You leave your girl around me; if she's bad she's gonna get stuck.

4. (originally African-American Vernacular, of a woman) Very attractive; hot, sexy.

   Hopefully I can pull some bad bitches tonight.

5. (chiefly in "bad boy", "bad girl", and similar phrases) Attractive due to (one's) rebellious nature.

   That boy is the baddest!

   She's the baddest girl!

派生語

参考

副詞

bad (comparative worse, superlative worst)

1. (now colloquial) Badly; poorly.

   I didn't do too bad in the last exam.

   He is quite bad off now that both his parents lost their jobs.

   The sacked quarterback was hurting bad. His back ached so bad that he had to lie down.

2. (intensifier) Badly; severely, extremely, passionately, eagerly.

   Please come back, baby. I miss you so bad!

   • 1969, Lennon–McCartney, “I Want You (She’s So Heavy)”, in Abbey Road, performed by The Beatles:

     I want you / I want you so bad, it's driving me mad

使用する際の注意点

• When placed after the main verb, use of bad as an intensifier is often more accepted than badly. Compare:
  •  I bad need to eat.  I badly need to eat.
  •  I need bad to eat.  I need badly to eat.
  •  I need to eat bad.  I need to eat badly.
• It is also common in certain set expressions, such as bad off, which may be perceived as an extended form of the adjective bad rather than the adverb bad ~ badly modifying the adjective off.
• See also good (adverb) § Usage notes.

名詞

bad (countable and uncountable, plural bads)

1. Something that is bad; a harm or evil.
   • 2001, Ann Belford Ulanov, Finding Space: Winnicott, God, and Psychic Reality, page 59:

     We idealize God as supergoodness in order to protect against a bad that we cannot unite with ourselves.

2. (slang, with possessive determiner) Error; mistake.
   • 1993, Mitch Albom, Fab five: basketball, trash talk, the American dream‎:

     "My bad, My bad!” Juwan yelled, scowling

   • 2003, Zane, Skyscraper, page 7:

     “Chico, you're late again.” I turned around and stared him in his beady eyes. “I missed my bus. My bad, Donald.” “Your bad? Your bad? What kind of English is that?

   • 2008, Camika Spencer, Cubicles, page 68:

     Teresa broke out in laughter. “Dang, I sound like I'm talking to my man.” “I tried your cell phone, but you didn't answer.” “I left it at home, Friday. My bad.” “Yeah, your bad.” I laughed. “Really, I'm sorry. It won't happen again.

3. (countable, uncountable, economics) An item (or kind of item) of merchandise with negative value; an unwanted good.
   • 2011, Henry Thompson, International Economics: Global Markets and Competition, 3rd edition, World Scientific, page 97:

     Imports are an economic good but exports an economic bad. Exports must be produced but are enjoyed by foreign consumers.

   • 2011, William J. Boyes, Michael Melvin, Economics, 9th edition, Cengage Learning, page 4:

     An economic bad is anything that you would pay to get rid of. It is not so hard to think of examples of bads: pollution, garbage, and disease fit the description.

間投詞

bad

1. Used to scold a misbehaving child or pet.

   Bad! You know you're not allowed in the kitchen after dinner.

参照

語源 2

From 中期英語 bad, from 古期英語 bæd, first- and third-person singular indicative past tense of biddan (“to ask”).

動詞

bad

1. (archaic) alternative past of bid. See bade.

語源 3

Unknown.

動詞

bad (third-person singular simple present bads, present participle badding, simple past and past participle badded)

1. (UK, dialect, transitive) To shell (a walnut).
   • 1876, The Gloucester Journal, Oct. 7, 1876, reported in A. Gregory, “Gloucestershire Dialect,” Notes and Queries, 5th ser., 6, 148 (1876‑10‑28): 346

     A curious specimen of Gloucestershire dialect came out in an assault case heard by the Gloucester court magistrates on Saturday. One of the witnesses, speaking of what a girl was doing at the time the assault took place, said she was ‘badding’ walnuts in a pigstye. The word is peculiarly provincial: to ‘bad’ walnuts is to strip away the husk. The walnut, too, is often called a ‘bannut,’ and hence the old Gloucestershire phrase, ‘Come an’ bad the bannuts.’

アナグラム

• ABD, ADB, Abd., BDA, D.B.A., DAB, DBA, abd., d/b/a, dab, dba

語源 1

From Proto-West Germanic *baidu, from Proto-Germanic *baidō.

名詞

bād f

1. waiting; expectation
2. something distrained; pledge, stake

語形変化

Strong ō-stem:

派生語

• *ābād
• nīedbād

関連する語

• ābīdan
• bīdan

派生した語

• Middle English: bade, bode, baide
  • English: bode
  • Scots: bade, baid

語源 2

動詞

bād

1. first/third-person singular preterite of bīdan