allとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English all, from 古期英語 eall, from Proto-West Germanic *all, from Proto-Germanic *allaz, of uncertain origin^[1] but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognate with West Frisian al (“all”), Dutch al (“all”), Scots a' (“all”), German all (“all”), Swedish all (“all”), Norwegian all (“all”), Icelandic allur (“all”), Welsh holl (“all”), Irish uile (“all”), Lithuanian aliái (“all, each, every”).

Dialectal sense “all gone” a calque of German alle.

発音

• (Received 発音) enPR: ôl IPA^(key): /ɔːl/, [oːɫ]
• (米国発音)
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /ɔl/, [ɔɫ]
  • (cot–caught merger, Inland Northern American) IPA^(key): /ɑl/
    • 韻: -ɔːl
    • 異形同音異義語: awl, I'll (some dialects)

限定詞

all

1. Every individual or anything of the given class, with no exceptions (the noun または noun phrase denoting the class must be 複数形 または uncountable).

   All contestants must register at the scorer’s table.

   All flesh is originally grass.

   All my friends like classical music.

   • 1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy. […], 5th edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed [by Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 2, member 6, subsection iv, page 298:

     Beautie alone is a ſoveraigne remedy againſt feare,griefe,and all melancholy fits; a charm,as Peter de la Seine and many other writers affirme,a banquet it ſelfe;he gives inſtance in diſcontented Menelaus that was ſo often freed by Helenas faire face: and ^hTully, 3 Tusc. cites Epicurus as a chiefe patron of this Tenent.

   • 1892, Walter Besant, chapter III, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:

     In former days every tavern of repute kept such a room for its own select circle, a club, or society, of habitués, who met every evening, for a pipe and a cheerful glass. In this way all respectable burgesses, down to fifty years ago, spent their evenings.

   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 1, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path […]. It twisted and turned, […] and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn. And, back of the lawn, was a big, old-fashioned house, with piazzas stretching in front of it, and all blazing with lights.

   • 2019 March 6, Drachinifel, The Battle of Samar (Alternate History) - Bring on the Battleships!‎^[1], archived from the original on 4 July 2022, 25:58 from the start:

     On the one hand, we had a scenario where, effectively, the American admiral just went "You know what, all the destroyers attack", at which point they mowed through the Japanese destroyers like a Grim Reaper through a harvest of very, very dead gorn, especially with the Brooklyns in support.

2. Throughout the whole of (a stated period of time; generally used with units of a day または longer).

   The store is open all day and all night.

   (= through the whole of the day かつ the whole of the night.)

   I’ve been working on this all year.

   (= from the beginning of the year until now.)

3. Only; alone; nothing but.

   He's all talk; he never puts his ideas into practice.

   • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     I was born to speak all mirth and no matter.

4. (obsolete) Any.
   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     without all remedy

代名詞

all

1. Everything.

   Some gave all they had.

   She knows all and sees all.

   Those who think they know it all are annoying to those of us who do.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter III, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company and London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     Now all this was very fine, but not at all in keeping with the Celebrity's character as I had come to conceive it. The idea that adulation ever cloyed on him was ludicrous in itself. In fact I thought the whole story fishy, and came very near to saying so.

2. Everyone.

   A good time was had by all.

   We all enjoyed the movie.

   • 2012 October 9, Amy Hauser, Tom Hauser, chapter 7, in Marge Thompson, Frankie M. Leisering, editors, In His Grip … a Walk Through Breast Cancer‎^[2], WestBow Press, →ISBN, page 39:

     Hey all, just a quick note as I am trying to do 46 things at once and slow down a touch all at once…

3. The only thing(s).

   All that was left was a small pile of ash.

   We ate potatoes and ziti .... that's all.

5. (chiefly Southern US, Midland US, Scotland, Northern Ireland, India) Used after who, what, where, how and similar words, either without changing their meaning, or indicating that one expects that they cover more than one element, e.g. that "who all attended" is more than one person. (Some dialects only allow this to follow some words かつ not others.)
   • 1904 October 10, Shea v. Nilima, [US] Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, in 1905, Reports Containing the Cases Determined in All the Circuits from the Organization of the Courts, page 266:

     Q. Now, then, when you started to go to stake the claims, who all went along?

     A. I and Johan Peter Johansen, Otto Greiner, and Thorulf Kjelsberg.

   • 1998, Paul D. Staudohar, editor, Football's Best Short Stories‎^[3], section 107:

     "I mean, you could have called us—collect, o'course—jes' to let us know how-all it's a-goin'."

   • 2002, Richard Haddock, Arkalalah, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 73:

     "Where all did he go? What exactly was his job?" Gary shrugged and produced a weak laugh. "I reckon the Middle East. Ain't that where all the oil is?"

   • 2011, Moni Mohsin, Tender Hooks, Random House India, →ISBN:

     "Do you ever ask me what I want to see? Or ask me about where all I've gone, who all I've met, what all I've done? Never. Not for one second. And why? Because you don't give two hoops about me."

副詞

all (not comparable)

1. Wholly; entirely; completely; totally.

   She was sitting all alone. It suddenly went all quiet.

   • 1738, Charles Wesley, “And can it be that I should gain”, in John Wesley, editor, A Collection of Psalms and Hymns, Charlestown: Lewis Timothy, →OCLC:

     'Tis mystery all: th'Immortal dies

   • 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1965, →OCLC, page 127:

     The parson, all unaware, dully pursued his calling, perched above the exquisite derision of their glances.

2. Apiece; each.

   The score was 30 all when the rain delay started.

3. (degree) So much.

   Don't want to go? All the better since I lost the tickets.

4. (obsolete, poetic) Even; just.
   • 1579, Edmund Spenser, The Shepheardes Calender, London: Hugh Singleton, →OCLC:

     All as his straying flock he fed.

   • 1715, John Gay, What D’ye Call It?, London: Bernard Lintott, →OCLC:

     A damsel lay deploring / All on a rock reclined.

5. A quotative particle, compare like.

   She was all, “Whatever.”

同意語

• completely

名詞

all (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 alls)

1. (with a possessive pronoun) Everything that one is capable of.

   She gave her all, and collapsed at the finish line.

2. (countable) The totality of one's possessions.
   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volumes (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

     Folio Society 1973, pp. 37-8:

     she therefore ordered Jenny to pack up her alls and begone, for that she was determined she should not sleep that night within her walls. […] I packed up my little all as well as I could, and went off.

接続詞

all

1. (obsolete) Although.
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, volume 2, London: Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     And those two froward sisters, their faire loves, / Came with them eke, all they were wondrous loth.

派生語

形容詞

all

1. (Pennsylvania, dialect) All gone; dead.

   The butter is all.

派生語

• allhood
• allness

関連する語

参考

参照

アナグラム

• LAL, Lal, Lal.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɑll/, [ɑɫ]

形容詞

all (Anglian)

1. Alternative form of eall

語形変化