s topとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English stoppen, stoppien, from 古期英語 stoppian (“to stop, close”), from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn, from Proto-Germanic *stuppōną (“to stop, close”), *stuppijaną (“to push, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, *(s)tewb- (“to push; stick”), from *(s)tew- (“to bump; impact; butt; push; beat; strike; hit”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian stopje (“to stop, block”), West Frisian stopje (“to stop”), Dutch stoppen (“to stop”), Low German stoppen (“to stop”), German stopfen (“to be filling, stuff”), German stoppen (“to stop”), Danish stoppe (“to stop”), Swedish stoppa (“to stop”), Icelandic stoppa (“to stop”), Middle High German stupfen, stüpfen (“to pierce”). More at stuff, stump.

Alternate etymology derives Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn from an assumed Vulgar Latin *stūpāre, *stuppāre (“to stop up with tow”), from stūpa, stīpa, stuppa (“tow, flax, oakum”), from Ancient Greek στύπη (stúpē), στύππη (stúppē, “tow, flax, oakum”). This derivation, however, is doubtful, as the earliest instances of the Germanic verb do not carry the meaning of "stuff, stop with tow". Rather, these senses developed later in response to influence from similar sounding words in Latin and Romance.^[1]

動詞

stop (三人称単数 現在形 stops, 現在分詞 stopping, 過去形および過去分詞形 stopped)

2. (intransitive) To cease moving.

   I stopped at the traffic lights.

3. (intransitive) Not to continue.

   The riots stopped when police moved in.

   Soon the rain will stop.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […] , down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.

4. (transitive) To cause (something) to cease moving or progressing.

   The sight of the armed men stopped him in his tracks.

   This guy is a fraudster. I need to stop the cheque I wrote him.

   • 2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):

     A “moving platform” scheme […] is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. […] This set-up solves several problems […]. Stopping high-speed trains wastes energy and time, so why not simply slow them down enough for a moving platform to pull alongside?

5. (transitive) To cease; to no longer continue (doing something).

   One of the wrestlers suddenly stopped fighting.

   Please stop telling me those terrible jokes.

6. (transitive) To cause (something) to come to an end.

   The referees stopped the fight.

7. (causative, transitive, chiefly UK) To end someone else's activity.
   • 1988, Jeanne Willis, Tony Ross, Dr Xargle's Book of Earthlets:

     When they have finished the milk they must be patted and squeezed to stop them exploding.

8. (transitive) To close or block an opening.

   He stopped the wound with gauze.

9. (transitive, intransitive, photography, often with "up" または "down") To adjust the aperture of a camera lens.

   To achieve maximum depth of field, he stopped down to an f-stop of 22.

10. (intransitive) To stay; to spend a short time; to reside or tarry temporarily.

    to stop with a friend

    He stopped for two weeks at the inn.

    He stopped at his friend's house before continuing with his drive.

    • 1887, R. D. Blackmore, Springhaven:

      by stopping at home till the money was gone

    • 1931, E. F. Benson, chapter 7, in Mapp & Lucia‎^[1]:

      She’s not going away. She’s going to stop here forever.

11. (music) To regulate the sounds of (musical strings, etc.) by pressing them against the fingerboard with the finger, or otherwise shortening the vibrating part.
12. (obsolete) To punctuate.
    • 1828, Walter Savage Landor, “Alfieri and Salomon the Florentine Jew”, in Imaginary Conversations of Literary Men and Statesmen, volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:

      if his sentences were properly stopped

13. (nautical) To make fast; to stopper.
14. (phonetics, transitive) To pronounce (a phoneme) as a stop.

    th-stopping

15. (finance, transitive) To delay the purchase or sale of (a stock) while agreeing the price for later.
    • 1952, Charles Amos Dice, Wilford John Eiteman, The Stock Market, page 144:

      It will be noted that the specialist would have refused to stop the stock for broker X if he (the specialist) had only one order to sell at 85.

使用する際の注意点

• This is a catenative verb that takes the gerund -ing to indicate the ending action (stop thinking), or the to infinitive to indicate the purpose of the interruption (stop to think). See Appendix:English catenative verbs for more information.
• When used causatively, the verb can either be followed directly by its dependent clause (for example, to stop them exploding) or take a helper word, usually from, before the clause (to stop them from exploding). The former usage is more common in Britain, and the latter usage more common in America.

Conjugation

同意語

• (to cease moving): brake, desist, halt; See also Thesaurus:stop
• (not to continue): blin, cease, desist, discontinue, halt, terminate; See also Thesaurus:desist
• (to cause to cease moving): arrest, freeze, halt; See also Thesaurus:immobilize
• (to cause to come to an end): blin, cancel, cease, discontinue, halt, terminate; See also Thesaurus:end
• (to tarry): hang about, hang around, linger, loiter, pause; See also Thesaurus:tarry
• (to reside temporarily): lodge, stop over; See also Thesaurus:sojourn

反意語

• (to cease moving): continue, go, move, proceed
• (not to continue): continue, proceed
• (to cause to cease moving): continue, move
• (to cause to come to an end): continue, move

下位語

派生語

派生した語

• → Finnish: stop
• → French: stop
• → Greek: στοπ (stop)
• → Hungarian: stop
• → Irish: stop
• → Italian: stop
• → Latvian: stop
• → Ottoman Turkish: استوپ‎ (istop)
• → Polish: stop
• → Portuguese: stop
• → Russian: стоп (stop)
• → Spanish: stop
• → Welsh: stopio
• → Tok Pisin: stap

名詞

stop (複数形 stops)

2. A (usually marked) place where buses, trams or trains halt to let passengers get on and off, usually smaller than a station.

   Related terms: halt, station.

   They agreed to meet at the bus stop.

3. An action of stopping; interruption of travel.

   That stop was not planned.

   • 1722, Daniel Defoe, Journal of the Plague Year:

     It is […] doubtful […] whether it contributed anything to the stop of the infection.

   • 1704, I[saac] N[ewton], “(please specify |book=1 to 3)”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. […], London: […] Sam[uel] Smith, and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC:

     Occult qualities put a stop to the improvement of natural philosophy.

   • 1693, [John Locke], “§107”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], →OCLC:

     It is a great step toward the mastery of our desires to give this stop to them.

4. That which stops, impedes, or obstructs; an obstacle; an impediment.
   • 1595, Samuel Daniel, “(please specify the folio number)”, in The First Fowre Bookes of the Ciuile Wars between the Two Houses of Lancaster and Yorke, London: […] P[eter] Short for Simon Waterson, →OCLC:

     A fatal stop trauerst their headlong course

   • a. 1729, John Rogers, The Advantages of conversing with good Men:

     So melancholy a prospect should inspire us with zeal to oppose some stop to the rising torrent.

5. A device intended to block the path of a moving object

   door stop

   1. (engineering) A device, or piece, as a pin, block, pawl, etc., for arresting or limiting motion, or for determining the position to which another part shall be brought.
   2. (architecture) A member, plain or moulded, formed of a separate piece and fixed to a jamb, against which a door or window shuts.
6. (linguistics) A consonant sound in which the passage of air is temporarily blocked by the lips, tongue, or glottis.

   Synonyms: plosive, occlusive

7. A symbol used for purposes of punctuation and representing a pause or separating clauses, particularly a full stop, comma, colon or semicolon.
8. (music) A knob or pin used to regulate the flow of air in an organ.

   The organ is loudest when all the stops are pulled.

9. (music) One of the vent-holes in a wind instrument, or the place on the wire of a stringed instrument, by the stopping or pressing of which certain notes are produced.
10. (tennis) A very short shot which touches the ground close behind the net and is intended to bounce as little as possible.
11. (soccer) A save; preventing the opposition from scoring a goal
    • 2021 May 15, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 0-1 Leicester”, in BBC Sport‎^[2]:

      The Foxes were indebted to two crucial saves from keeper Kasper Schmeichel, who turned former Leicester defender Ben Chilwell's header on to a post then produced an even better stop to turn Mason Mount's powerful shot wide.

12. (zoology) The depression in a dog’s face between the skull and the nasal bones.

    The stop in a bulldog's face is very marked.

13. (photography) A part of a photographic system that reduces the amount of light.
14. (photography) A unit of exposure corresponding to a doubling of the brightness of an image.
15. (photography) An f-stop.
16. The diaphragm used in optical instruments to cut off the marginal portions of a beam of light passing through lenses.
17. (fencing) A coup d'arret, or stop thrust.

派生語

参照

Punctuation mark

stop

1. Used to indicate the end of a sentence in a telegram.

語源 2

From Middle English stoppe, from 古期英語 stoppa (“bucket, pail, a stop”), from Proto-Germanic *stuppô (“vat, vessel”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teub- (“to push, hit; stick, stump”). See stoup.