Openとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English open, from 古期英語 open (“open”), from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”), from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“up from under, over”). Cognate with Scots apen (“open”), Saterland Frisian eepen (“open”), West Frisian iepen (“open”), Dutch open (“open”), Low German open, apen (“open”), German offen (“open”), Danish åben (“open”), Swedish öppen (“open”), Norwegian Bokmål åpen (“open”), Norwegian Nynorsk open (“open”), Icelandic opinn (“open”). Compare also Latin supinus (“on one's back, supine”), Albanian hap (“to open”). Related to up.

形容詞

open (comparative more open, superlative most open)

1. (not comparable) Not closed; accessible; unimpeded.
   • 1908, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, Chapter 2

     The open road, the dusty highway […]

   • 2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

     Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.

   Turn left after the second open door.

   It was as if his body had gone to sleep standing up and with his eyes open.

2. Not drawn together, closed, or contracted; extended; expanded.

   an open hand; an open flower; an open prospect

   • (Can we date this quote by Dryden かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     Each, with open arms, embraced her chosen knight.

3. (not comparable) Actively conducting or prepared to conduct business.

   Banks are not open on bank holidays.

4. (comparable) Receptive.

   I am open to new ideas.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), imprinted at London: By Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Acts 19:38:

     Wherefore if Demetrius […] have a matter against any man, the law is open and there are deputies.

   • c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene ii]:

     The service that I truly did his life, / Hath left me open to all injuries.

5. (not comparable) Public

   He published an open letter to the governor on a full page of the New York Times.

   • c. 1597, William Shakespeare, “The Merry VViues of VVindsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene iii]:

     His thefts were too open.

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: Printed [by Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […] [a]nd by Robert Boulter […] [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: The Text Exactly Reproduced from the First Edition of 1667: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:

     That I may find him, and with secret gaze / Or open admiration him behold.

6. (not comparable) Candid, ingenuous, not subtle in character.

   The man is an open book.

   • (Can we date this quote by Alexander Pope かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     with aspect open, shall erect his head

   • c. 1603–1604, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene iii]:

     The Moor is of a free and open nature.

   • (Can we date this quote by Addison かつ provide title, author's full name, かつ other details?)

     The French are always open, familiar, and talkative.

7. (mathematics, logic, of a formula) Having a free variable.
8. (mathematics, topology, of a set) Which is part of a predefined collection of subsets of ${\displaystyle X}$, that defines a topological space on ${\displaystyle X}$.
9. (graph theory, of a walk) Whose first and last vertices are different.
10. (computing, not comparable, of a file, document, etc.) In current use; mapped to part of memory.

    I couldn't save my changes because another user had the same file open.

11. (business) Not fulfilled.

    I've got open orders for as many containers of red durum as you can get me.

12. Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration.

    an open question

    to keep an offer or opportunity open

    your account will remain open until we receive final settlement.

13. (music, stringed instruments) Of a note, played without pressing the string against the fingerboard.
14. (music, wind instruments) Of a note, played without closing any finger-hole, key or valve.
15. Not of a quality to prevent communication, as by closing waterways, blocking roads, etc.; hence, not frosty or inclement; mild; used of the weather or the climate.

    an open winter

16. (law) (Of correspondence) Written or sent with the intention that it may made public or referred to at any trial, rather than by way of confidential private negotiation for a settlement. (Opposite of "without prejudice")

    You will observe that this is an open letter and we reserve the right to mention it to the judge should the matter come to trial.

17. (phonetics) Uttered with a relatively wide opening of the articulating organs; said of vowels.
    • 1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 421:

      "Supposing somebody sees you, with all those flowers too? Supposing somebody writes him a letter? Ooooh!" (a pure round open Tamil O.)

18. (phonetics) Uttered, as a consonant, with the oral passage simply narrowed without closure.
19. (phonetics, of a syllable) That ends in a vowel; not having a coda.
20. (computing) Made public, usable with a free licence.
21. (medicine) Resulting from an incision, puncture or any other process by which the skin no longer protects an internal part of the body.

同意語

• (not closed): accessible, unimpeded
• (ending in a vowel): free

反意語

• (accessible): closed, shut
• (ending in a vowel): closed, checked

下位語

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English openen, from 古期英語 openian (“to open”), from Proto-Germanic *upanōną (“to raise; lift; open”), from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”, adjective). Cognate with Saterland Frisian eepenje (“to open”), West Frisian iepenje (“to open”), Dutch openen (“to open”), German öffnen (“to open”), Danish åbne (“to open”), Swedish öppna (“to open”), Norwegian Bokmål åpne (“to open”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic opna (“to open”). Related to English up.